Ukuphumelela Kwesikhombisi Sokubhedelela Amaphaneli Amapolikarbonayte

Ukufunda Ukuphindezela Kokubhedelela Kwamaphaneli Amapolikarbonayte

Izilungiso ze-UL 94 Zikhanywe: Kusasa kwi-HB ngokwesintshane ku-V-0

Ama-UL 94 ratings angaphambili kuhlelo lokuhlola ukusindiswa kokuphumelela emasipheni apho amathetho asebenziswe kuhlanganiswa, ngisho amanelene yepolikabonete. Ezibophekwe nge-Underwriters Laboratories, ama-ratings akahluke ukubheka ukuthi umthetho ufumanisa ukusindiswa kokubhukuda, uhlalelwa kusasa kwi-HB esincinci kwi-V-0 efanele. I-HB ifaka ukuthi ungenzi ngokulandelana, ngakho xa i-V-0 ifumana ukuthi umthetho usinde ngokuqinileyo ngaphandle kokudibha. Izindlela zokuhlola zihlawuleka amanelene ngamandla eziphumayo lokubhukuda ukukholela ubunzima bokuphumelela babo kuzama lapho kulandelekile. Ngokushesha, amanelene engavela ne-V-0 ezikhethwe ngazo indawo ezidingekayo njengomphakathi wesithathu wesayithi nezinhlangano zokuphumelela lokubhukuda.

Amastanda AseNgesi EN 13501-1 ngo-Euro Class kweEmasipheni

Kwesayithi yeNginilandelo, iimithetho zeEN 13501-1 ziphumelela isicwangciso esincane kuhlola ukuphakamisana ngezilimi zokubhubheka kwezinto ezinikezela izindawo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola, okufuneka ukuhlala phakathi kwe-A1 kunye ne-F, uhlanganisa umthetho wokubhubheka lwemali ngaphandle kokuthi imali yasetyenziswa yokubhubheka, ngokuba i-Class A1 iyinhloko yesikhatsi sokushintsha kunye nokuba i-Class F iyileleyo. Izindlela eziphakamisayo ziqhamuka ku-B, zikhohlwa ukuthi zihlabeleke amandla aphoqopho kuhambisana nokubhubheka. Lezi zicala zingabizwa ngokulandelana nokusetshenziswa kwezimali ezisetshenziswa, uzokusure khona usukela nokuhlola futhi, ngokuba kakhulu ngokuthi amahhadi aseGrenfell ayinkathalo. Ukusondezela kwiimbali akhona ukuthi kukhona uphelo olungaphezu kwe-Europe kanye namahhadi angaphezu, uzokusure khona ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe kakhulu ukutesta izimali ezisetshenziswa kuzindawo zokugcina.

Amathambo Akudibanisanga (s1-s3) kunye nokuthi Amadrop Emane (d0-d2)

Amavalue yokuqhubeka ukukhohloko (s1-s3) kunye namavalue yakwesintsi okuthiwa (d0-d2) zingakuhlanganiswa ngokuphakamisayo lokuhlola usapho lwezifire. Lezi zicwangciso zikhathalela inani lesikhohloko esikhulwe kanye nesintsi ezincedwe ngaphandle kokubhala, ezahulumeni izindlela zokususa nokuba kakhulu kakhulu. Iipaneli ze-polycarbonate zihle kakhulu ngokushesha ukukhohloko (s1) kunye nokuthiwa yesintsi (d0), ezahulumeni ukuba kuhloniphe umthetho wesafeti lesifire. Abasebenzisi besekhemisezi babenandaba ngepaneli leyi ngazo iiproyekthi ezidinga amaxhobo angcono ukukhohloko kunye nokuthiwa yesintsi, ngoba bahlula isiphumo sokudibanisa ngokuphakamisana kunye nokuphuma kwemali phakathi kwezinye izinto njengompondo wompolisi wakhiwo kunye nomfibezo-olayikhetfo.

Izinqumo Ezithile Zokungena Ukufunwa Kwepolycarbonate

Umvondo Wokugcwalisa Okuhle (1000°F+)

Amaphaneli amahhuku amapolikarbohidi teyipha umtembelo wesintla esishona, ngokwesikhatsi sifanekiso siqhamuka kwi-1000°F, okuningi lokunyeleyo lomkhuhlane wosicathulo kumahluko esihlangene ngephandlekulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwesintla sokuthola kakhulu kunakuvavanya ukuphuma isinyeleselo sesintfaneli kumgaqabi akhuphelele amaxhobo ahlukene nokuhlaba khona. Ngokubhekisisa, amapolikarbohidi angazama ukuba ngaphambili kwezindlela ezinomsindo, zisememeza nokuphuma isinyeleselo sesintfaneli kwiindawo ezizithile ngokushona. Izigaba zezimpawu zisebenzisa kwindawo ezidingekayo, zisiza ukubonisa ukuba umtembelo wesintla wesopolikarbohidi usebenzisa ukungavavanywa kakhulu ukuphuma isinyeleselo kwiindawo ezingaphandlekulu. Ngenkinga yeASTM D1929, izinhlobo ezinethemba lesintla esishona, ngokusho amapolikarbohidi azibuyiselwe ngokulandelayo nokuziphatha, ukuze kube yinkululeko yokusebenza kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izintfaneli.

Umbiko Wokuphuma Phakathi Kwamapolikarbohidi Ngesinyeleselo Sesintfaneli Esikhoyo

Ngokushesha, isigaba esidingiweyo kakhulu lokuhlola ukukhupha umoya wemfene yepholikabonide yiyingxenye yethu-ekhupheleni. Ukuthi ngakwesiphi indlela yokugcina umoya wemfene uzihlabelele, ukuhlola okungcono lapho umoya wemfene ususiwe, uphuculeke ukubulawa kakhulu ngenxa yalokho kulandelayo usizo lomkhonto wesibhedlela emikhulumeni wephethekiso. Iplastiki ezintathu zingakwazi ukuthola iindlela leyi-ekhupheleni elincane, okungakho kungavunyelwe ukuba umoya wemfene uhlobene nokuvumela ukusuka kakhulu. Ngokushesha, xa amaplastiki angamalunga amadripi amanqaku amazange amahleli amanye amaqinisekisi, ipholikabonide iyahlalela izinkinga eziningi. Izimvo zomkhonto wesibhedlela zizama ukuthatha ipholikabonide ngaphambili komplastiki ezintathu ngokuthi kukho ingxenye ye-self-extinguishing. Amalawulo amaningi, njengesi UL 94 ratings, azama ukuziphindziswa amathari a-self-extinguishing kuhlanganisweni lokubulawa. Iphepolikabonide ayithathe kunye nokufuneka kakhulu amalawulo amaningi, aphinde akuyenza ukuthi abantu ababulawa besele abeke abafunda ngokuthi bayenze imikhakamelo yesibhedlela.

Ukuxhasa LweMultiwall NgeSolid Sheet Designs ngoFlame Spread

Ukubuyiswa okugcinwa kweempahla yepholikabesidi—ngaphezulu kokuba zikhiqiza noma amasheet esethathu—akukho isenzo somphilo wokuphakamisa ukungafanele kwezinto ezinomsindo, ngokulandelayo kunjalo njengekhonjane lokuhlala. Amaphahla akhiqiza, nechaneli zakhe ezifunyenwe nge-ayi, zingakwazi ukusebenzisa njengamanzelo wehluku, uzoba ukusuka kwesihlukanisi sokuqala nokuhlola kwehluku. Ngokushesha, i-design yesheet esethathu siyibonisa ukuthi lona luvumela uphawuli oluncane loluphela kwezinye izindlela ezikhatsi. Ukudibanisa ngenkinga yokuhlola lokuhlala kuhlonipha ukuthi amaphahla akhiqiza angakwazi ukususa uvimba lwenkqubo ngokubanzi kunye nomphilo wokuphakamisa ukungafanele kwezinto ezinomsindo. Okanye, abasebenzisi bendlolosi babebhalele ngokukhiqiza umlando wesithathu sokuthi amaphahla akhiqiza angakwazi ukususa ukuhlobene ngesimo selungendlela nokuthi amasheet esethathu singazange zivumele ngokuthi ziziphinde zikhona ngezinsuzi ngekhonjane lokuhlala kwiindlela ezindima. Ukukhetha ukuthi leli structure liyinhloko yezilimi ezidingekayo ukuthi libe ngokukhululekile nezilwandle ezininzi.

Ukufanelela Ukugqibela Izikodi zokubanzi kwiNgeniso lwePolycarbonate

Ukubona Imilayithi ye-IBC yomsebenzi wemikhono neSkylights

Ukukhumbula nokufanelela ngeImilayithi ye-International Building Code (IBC) ngakwesobizo sifuna ukuthi kuhluleke ukusebenza kakhulu kwezinto ezinikezayo polycarbonate kumncedo, ngisho phakathi komkhono nokushaya. I-IBC ifunise amandla espezifikhi ukusetshentela ukuba amaxwebhu okuyintsha umfumo wephandle lokuncedisiwe kulesi sizake, ukuze akusukelele izikhungo zokushaya. I-Polycarbonate, ngokulandelayo ukuya kwamandla yokuyintsha umfumo lokushaya, iyiphawuli elihlobene nalo, futhi iphawuli elisindane kunoma emalungelo. Ngokushesha, imigomo engaphezulu kunezindlela ezahlukene ezisetshentiswa iipaneli lepolycarbonate ukusetshentela imilayithi ye-IBC, uzokusetyenziswa kanye nokuthi kuhloniphe. Futhi, kufanele ukwenze ukudluliswa kwezindlela ezintsha lemilayithi, ngoba bakudinga ukuthola amaphawu amahluhlu edluleyo apho ayiqinisekise ukusetshentela ukusetyenziswa kwe-polycarbonate kumncedo.

Amagcali ka-U (0.49-0.99) kwiThermal Efficiency

Izicatshulwa ze-U ziphumeleya ngokuphakamisayo lokuhlola ukuthi umsebenzi wamathili wabuilding amaphi anikwe amandla anguqulo olungakhetho. Amaphaneli we-polycarbonate, ezikhanyiswanga nge-izinkinga lemfushane, zihamba ngokubanzi ngendawo yezicali lwe-U elipheleleyo phakathi kwe-0.49-0.99, ezinikezela ukukhetho kunye nokuthi kulandelwe ngokuthula. Ukuthi i-U-value ingaloweki kakhulu ifanise izigcali zokugcina okungcono, uzokusiza ukuthi imibuilding yakhiwe amandla anguqulo futhi uzokususa ukusetyenziswa kwemfenni. Izigaba zikalishi zithi ukuthi ipolycarbonate inceda ngokuthi kuhlobene nezicali zokuqwenya ukungqumo, uzokunceda ukuthi kufanele kube khona ukumemelwa kwemfenni emibuilding. Ngokwesobizo sokunquma kokusebenza, kufanele kuzivumelekile izicatshulwa ze-U ngokubheka ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wamandla anguqulo futhi uzokungena ngokucacileyo. Lolu hlobo lokusebenzisa kakhulu lokuhlola ukuthi ipolycarbonate iyinketho elikhoyo lokusebenzisa ukubuyiselwa kwezinhloso zokuthi zimphilo eziphumaphandle.

Ukhahlamba Kwemfushane Ngezinye Izindlu Ezichasene

Ukuphiwa kwezilondolozi lomfula lisokuhle lokwesintuthuko lesikhumbuzi bese izindlu ezincinci zethemba, ngakho esidingeni ukuba zibhalise amasithathu okukhulu nokulandelayo ukuze zisonge isenzo sokuhlala kanye nokususa umculo wesintuthuko. I-polycarbonate iyiphumo elilandelayo yokuphiwa kumfula yayingezwe njengelinye leliqobo lokusebenza. Ngokushesha, iindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa amaxwebhu ephumeleyo olungaphandle komfula akavunywe ngamagama apha ayiqinileyo, abe ngenxa yalokho babekhethwe amaxwebhu amaphumeleyo olungaphandle komfula, ubheka imfanele yokukhetha amaxwebhu okuningi. Ukubaluleka komfula kwesintuthuko sokuze usonge umculo kodwa sifihlisele amafuthi, uzokususa indlela lokuhlola i-polycarbonate kuhlanganiswa.

I-Polycarbonate vs Amaxwebhu Okuningi Amaningi

Umkhuhlane Wesophu: PC vs PVC kunye ne-Acrylic

Kwesikhephe sokuqala ukuthi lokhu olungaphandle kwezilungiselelo zokuhlola amandla akhotho, ipolikarbeite (PC) uhlanganiswa ngempumelelo ngezinye izilungiselelo ezinikezeli nemiphi emithetho. Izilungiselelo ezisetyenzisiwe zikhululeka ukuthi ipolikarbeite uzama okuningi lapho akhona isimo esingabonakali sokhotho kakhulu kwephiyile ephakeme, okungcono ukuthi apho akhona amandla akhotho kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphuma ifayela. Ukukhulula lokhu kuhluke kakhulu phakathi komkhathalento nokuhlola kumakhaya enkqopheni, ngoba ukusuka kwalokho lapho kuhloniphe umuntu kuhluke kakhulu phakathi imibuzo yokufayela. Ngokushesha, idatha edluleyo yezinto ezazihlobene nezilungiselelo zeqhutywa eliphakeme nokhotho ekhethweni yakho, zikhululeka ukuthi amandla akhotho azizange zikhumbule ukuthi zikhona ngokubanjwa nepolikarbeite. Amakhosi wendawo wesekela ngokwesiqephu sikhengetsha ipolikarbeite ngemvume yokuthi ukuphuma kokhotho kungene kwindawo engasebenziyo ukuthi ukuphuma kokhotho kunene kanye nokuthi kube ngempumelelo lokho lokusebenza kwaye lokhohlola ukuthi ubunzima bokhotho bekuyenza ukuthi abantu abangena ngokuthi banezimala zokhotho ezifayela.

Ukuphinda Ukuphuma Ifayela Ngefiberglas neMetal Sheets

Ukuphumelela kwezandla zokubhubheka kwesihlalo esidingeni sifika kwisezincinci lokuhlala, okuthiwa ngokubonakaleyo ngezindlela ezinethweni lomphilo nezinhlobo zokugcina amathuluzi. Izibophezelo zokuthiwa zikhona ukuba isihlalo sesidingeni sikhipha umthakathi wesihlalo phakathi kokuthiwa ngamandla yezandla ezilandelayo njengefiberglass kunye nemetal sheets. Ukukhipha umthakathi wesihlalo kusenziwa ngokubanjwa ngokuthiwa ngaphandle komphilo wofiberglass, okungakwazi ukubuyela nokuthiwa ngokubanjwa ngaphandle komphilo weenhlawulo ezindala ezilandelwe. Ngokunye, i-metal sheets, angakwazi ukubuyela nokuthiwa ngokubanjwa ngaphandle komphilo wesihlalo, kodwa angalaywa ukuphuma umthakathi wesihlalo ngemvelo omkhulu. Amahhono akhona amaningi abangena kumakhono olandelayo lokusebenza lokuhlola izandla zokusebenza, ngisho ngokushesha emva kokuthiwa ngaphandle komphilo wesihlalo. Ukuphakama olufakelwayo kwisezinsuku ezidingeni esidingeni sikholelwa ngokuthiwa ngokusebenzisa kumakhono efanekiso, futhi kuhlanganiswa kwiqhutywa lemfundo lwesihlalo, apho usizo asikwazi ukubuyela.

Umba-Wokuqala Lwendawo Yokususa Kunesikhathi Esidingeni

Ukubala okukhuthazeka kwezinyathelo ezimbili zokugqibela ukusetyenziswa kwepholikabaini elihluhleneyo emphakathini yamathebula akuyingxenye yokushintsha ukuphumelela lokusebenza ngaphandle komtheleli fakamahhase. Ngokwesikhatsi, isithuthi esishona siphakeme pholikabaini kunoma amanye amagcinyi, ngaphandle kokuthi iindlela zakhozi azizange zisetyenziswa, ukuhlawulwa ngepholikabaini kunomoya wendlela yakuhlawula umthetho wesifundzeko nokuhlola kwezinto eziphumaphakathi zokuthintsa ngaphandle komtheleli fakamahhase. Ngenxa yalokho, izibalo zezisekelo ezaziqhunywe zidalene ngezinga lolu hlobo olungaphambili lokuhlahla nokukhupha kwezicwangciso zokusebenza kwaye nokukhupha kwezicwangciso zokusebenza kwiinsurensi. Ibhuti bahlalelana nobuciko ukuba babhekisele amandla amanani nokuhlola kwezinto ezinani lokusebenza nokuhlola kwezinto ezinani lokusebenza ngenxa yamathebula, ubangisela ipholikabaini njengemvume olandelayo oyabelana nesikhashana sokufakelwa nokuthi ukudibanisa imali engaphambili ngezinyathelo ezincane ezindaweni.

Amalunga Amakhusha Lokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezinhluze Zokugqibela

I-Resins YePolikabaini LeBio-Circular Yekuhlola Ukusasimangaliso

Ukhetho lwezilungiselelo ezimbili lepolikarbonayeti elihlanganiswe ngokubio-nyala kuhlela ukuba kakhulu phambi kokuthiwa okukhangelwa ngeemvelo lokusebenza amandla. Izilungiselelo ezinhloko zihlaba iziphakamiswa ngokuphela komhlaba ngokuhlola amasolosheni asebenza esebenza ngokulandelana nokuthiwa okukhangelwa ngeemvelo lokusebenza amandla. Amasolosheni amagalagali angavumelanga amaphuzu emfunyenweni, kodwa iinkcukacha ze-bio-circular zingabonga ngokwesiphi isibonelo sokuthiwa okukhangelwa ngeemvelo lokusebenza amandla ukususa amaphuzu akhangeleyo. Izigaba ezindala zithi ukuthi polikarbonayeti ye-bio-circular uzifuna ukususa izicatshane eziphumulekileyo ngaphezulu kwalokunyaka oluzama ukuthiwa okukhangelwa ngeemvelo lokusebenza amandla, futhi uqondisa ukuba kusenziwe kakhulu ezimobheni ezinjekeleli umlando wemvelo. Ukudibanisa kwesikhatsi sokuqala sesizwe esidingayo siyalungiselela amaxesha edluleyo, apho ayiqhuba ukuthiwa okukhangelwa ngeemvelo lokusebenza amandla ngokusho ukuthi abantu babangene ukuthiwa okukhangelwa ngeemvelo lokusebenza amandla ngokugcina ukusuka kweendaweni ezinjalo.

Iifasi Elincinciwe Ngomoya Emsunduveshi neZintsha

Amagwede ephakamiswe ngokumoya kakhulu ezilungiselelwe zindlela ezikhona kakhulu kumazibuko nezintshango ngenxa yobuciko olunqaphelene nobuncinci bokuphakamiswa. Izidingo ezinhloko zihlola ukusuka komhlaba, okufane kakhulu phakathi komkhuhlane, esebenza lokugcina umhlaba. Ukusukela kwesikhwama sokuthi luchasene ngeendaweni zakwakhiwo nokubheka ngokulandelayo, futhi kunjalo kuhlala kusindiso sasendlalelo. Isiqephu esisodwa sokuqalisisa isicelo somkhuhlane sokuthi luchasene ngeendaweni zakwakhiwo nokubheka ngokulandelayo, futhi kunjalo kuhlala kusindiso sasendlalelo. I-Allianz Arena yintoni engavumelekileyo yokusho ukuthi isicelo somkhuhlane sifanele siphumelele amandla nokuba kuhlonipheke kokuthi luchasene ngeendaweni zakwakhiwo nokubheka ngokulandelayo, futhi kunjalo kuhlala kusindiso sasendlalelo. Amakhosi wakhiwo ababulele abahamba abafika abacacisa izidingo ezinikezeliwe ngokuthi zizama ukwenza izidingo ezimfanele olungileyo nokuba kuhlonipheke, uzame ukuthi isikhwama sesiphumo leso sisigcino lokuthi siyazi ngokuthi sithole kakhulu kanye nokuba kuhlonipheke kwiqhobo lomoya.

Ukukhangela Ngokushesha Ngenqaku Lapho Zicaliwe

Umbuzo omkhulu, okusebenzisa amaphephandaba eziqondisiwe ngamandla yokuphuma elidabuka lolwandle, uthiwa ukuba uyahlukile kakhulu indlela yobulungiswa kwezindlela zokubuya nokuhlola. Amaphethandaba akhiwe izindawo zokubuya, uzokususa ukugcina ngeke khona nokuhlola kakhulu lokulula umoya olunqamene. Ngokusebenzisa amathetho aqondisiwe ngalokhu olungabomvu, iiphrojekthi zazibuyisela ukuhlola kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesikhatsi esidingeni sokuthi kuhluke kulandeluleyo lokuhlola. Umbongo wendawo owavela lokho kuhluke lwenze imibono yokuthiwa yezikole ezimodular eNgesitsha, apho amaphethandaba amaqondisiwe ngamandla yokuphuma elidabuka lolwandle abe ngokuthi abenhlonhloka kakhulu lokuhlola. Abanye labantu bengxoxe ekukhuleni lokuhlola ukuthi kuhluke kubonakala ukuthiwa yezinto ezincedwayo njenge-polycarbonate kumodular umbuzo ngokushesha kunye nokufanelela nokuthi kuhlola.