Ukuzenzakalela Kwezulu Nezinkulungwane Zezulu Kwi-Solid Polycarbonate Sheet

Ukufundwa Kokuhlakana Ngokushesha Kwelesithunzi Kwaye Indima Yezithuthi Zokukhazima

Ukuba polycarbonate unako ukuvikela ukuhlaba kwelesithunzi UVA kanye ne-UVB

Izihlathi zepolycarbonate zivimba ngaproximali kuya ku-99% yezilwandle ze-UV ezenzekelayo ngezilinganiso ezincane kunesi-380 nm, okhomba ukuthi kungcono kunaglasi engcono noma ye-acrylic ekugcineni lezi zilwandle ezihlukileyo ze-UVA (phakathi kwe-315 ne-400 nm) kanye ne-UVB (kuye ku-280 kuya ku-315 nm). Isizathu esembehlo konke kukuthi lokhu kufakelwa kwakhona kusuke kuyisimo sokuphathelene kwamalithi ngaphansi kwesigaba semolekiyuli. Lezi zinhlanga zezinhlanga ezikumolukhi basically zidla konke lokhu kwezophondo ezinezulu phambi kokuba kwenze isenzo. Ezinye izivikelo ezinguququkazi ezilandelayo i-ISO 4892-1:2016 zasho ukuthi nokungenazo amakhodi amanelisi, lezi zihlathi zihlala zibe namandla okuvimba UV ngaproximali kuya ku-85% emva kukaqhubeka ngeminyaka engu-5,000 enguququkazi yezimo zomjikelezo emasempeleni.

Kunjani uvimba kwe-UV kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwesimo semolekiyuli kwi-polycarbonate esiqinile

Ukuzenzekala kwe-UV kudala ukuxhaswa kwezilwandle, kuhula amathambo emolukhi kanye nokwakha izikhala ezincane zasekhondleni kanye nezinhlanga zika-carbonyl. Lo ndlela ivuleka amathuba athathu:

1. Ukuthatha kwe-UV kwenza izinhlangu zomoya
2. IOksijini iyaphindana nezinhlangu ukwakha i-peroxides
3. Ukugayiswa kwegunya kunciphisa ubukhulu besimo ngama-40–60%

Isahluko sepolymers se-2023 satholile ukuthi izihlangothi ezingavaleki ziphula ubunzima bokuphendula oku-12% ngonyaka emkhanyakeni engxenye yasendle.

Umsebenzi omuhle wezimboni ze-UV ekhuthazayo ekhuthaza ubude bebusuku

Izimboni ze-UV zamanje zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu:

Uhlobo Lwokugcina	Isenzo	Ubukhona
Abathatha	Shintshela imodi ye-UV yezindleko	Akukhawuleza UV ngaphezu kwe-99.9%
Izistabilizela	Zivimba izinhla yomoya	Yandisa ubudala 3–5—
Ireflectors	Iphazanyisela iradiyeshini eqhubekayo	Khusa ukuthakatha kuka-15°C

Lezi ziphathimandla zokufaka zibona ikhanda elikhulu kune-90% futhi ziyandisa ubudala besekile phakathi kwe-2–5 iminyaka (engafakwanga) ku-10–15 iminyaka emhlabeni.

Ifakiwe vs engafakwanga: Ukulinganisa ubudala nokusebenza ngaphansi kwegunya lesithixo

Ipharamitha	Ithimu Efafakwayo	Ithimu Engaphuculiwe
Ubude bephondo (Iminyaka)	10–15	2–5
Indiksi Yokumhlopheka (ΔYI)	<3	>15
Ukugcina Kwezimali Zokungena	95%	45%

Izivikelo ezihlaziywa (ASTM G154) zibonisa ukuthi izithimba eziphuculwe zingena kakhulu ngemizuzwana engu-8,760+ yomoya obomvu—ekulinganeni nengcobo emnyakeni eyishumi eLizibone—ngaphandle kokuchitha okwesithunzi.

Ukususa isiphakade: Amandla amakhulu kodwa uvulekile kumoya obomvu kuithimba eliqinile lepolycarbonate

Nakuba izibopho ze-carbonate zinikeza ukukhathazeka okungcono (30× kakhulu kungeza acrylic), zingaba nomdla wezinkinga ezenziwa ngu-UV. Izifunda ezidefinyelwe zisusa lelo mdlongwa ngokwenza isivumelwano esihluphele, ekugcineni ubumnandi bomlango wemitholampilo ye-900 kJ/m² futhi ekulindeleni ukuchithakala kwesansi. Ukuchithakala kwesayensi kushaya kusuka ku-50 μm/nhla ku-<5 μm/nhla uma kufakwa ifaka elihle.

Ukusebenza Ngaphansi Kwezimo Eziningi

Ukukhathazeke kwezimo ezihlaza, i-hail, nezimali ezikhulu zenqorha

Iphaneli engcwele ye-polycarbonate ingabhekisa izigcabo zeziphazamiso kusuka ku- -40°C ku-120°C ungakhincini (ASTM D1435). Ngasemva kweglasi, ingabhekisa i-hail eduze kwe-35mm ngenqorha yekhipha (imvume ye-NOAA 2022 yokudonsa) futhi ingagcina ubunzima ngaphansi kwezinqorho ezinezimali ezingaphezu kuka-150 km/h—kuyafana nezimali zezinkomo eziphakathi.

Ukuziphatha ngaphansi kweziguquko ezigcwele zezimo nekholo elude emhlabeni

Ngokuchazwa okuncane kwekoyefishenti yethulwana (70 x 10⁻⁶/°C), umongo ungathulwa ngemizuzwana engaphezu kwemiyalo engu-1,000 (ISO 4600). Izifundo ezindelela zibonisa ukuba kuqukethwe izikhathi eziphakade ezingu-95% emva kwegonyama e-15 emasundeni amadala, futhi lezinhlobo ezinezithunywa ze-UV zibonisa ukuthuthuka okungaphezu kwe-5% ngenkathi kusetshenziswa phandle kahle.

Ukukhathazeka kwezimali kanye nokuphucula kwebhodi yesolid polycarbonate

Ibhodi yesolid polycarbonate isusa ngu-0.1% kuphela (ASTM D570-22), lokhu kwenza ukuthi akulungele ukuthathwa ngendlela esebenza ngayo kwi-hydrolysis noma ekugcineni kwe-100%. Lokhu kumenza ukungakhathaleki kanye nokungapholaki, kubeka ukuthuthuka kweziluminthu kungaphezulu kwe-92% emazingeni apholile, okukhulu kakhulu kunazo zonke i-acrylic ezingu-75% ngamava alinganayo.

Ukugcina ubunzima bokwakha kuzo zonke izimo ezahlukene

Ukuthuthukisa kwezimali, ukukhulula kwezimali, nokuphepha kukaVuyisebenzisa okunikeza imiphumela embalwa kusuka e-Arctic kuya e-deserts. Kuzivikelo zikaISO 4892-3 ezihlanganisa izilingo zangengu 25, izindonga zezingqondo ezinhle zilondolozo 89% yezimali zokugaya futhi 97% yokuthuthukisa kwezimali, zihlambulukela i-PVC nasepolypropylene ngama-42–58% ekungenisweni kwizilingo.

Ukuthuthukisa kwezempiyoni kutechnology yokuphepha kukaVuyisebenzisa

Iindlela zokusebenzisa iziphiwo zokuphepha kukaVuyisebenzisa ngexesha lokwakha

Abawethu baphatha indlela eziphethile zomkhakha:

1. Iziphiwo zokushayela (ukufaka noma ukubhwebhwa) zokuphathwa ngokunembala, ukuphepha okungcwele
2. Co-extrusion bopha izigaba ezikhangelayo kukaVuyisebenzisa ngexesha lokudala kwamathambo, kuvumela uhlangano oluphambili
3. Ukufakwa okuthuthukiswe nguPlasma ukufaka iziphiwo ezincane kangangokuba azikwazi ukuguqulela ukucaciswa kwegciwane

Iinkqubo ezinezinye izigaba ezihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezandla ne-filtration yeVuyisebenzisa ngabalo babini kungenjalo ziyisimo esisodwa. Isifundo sika-2023 sokulinganisa kwePolymer sobala ukuthi amathambo apheloswe ayilondoloza 92% yokugaya kwamandla emini yesibhozo, ngokulinganisa no-67% yezinye ezishayiwe.

Izinhlayiya ezihlukenekayo koma eziqashelwayo eziphulwa kwe-UV: Izintu zokuthembeka kanye nezinkinga

Isici	I-Co-Extruded	I-Laminated
Ubude bokuphepha kwe-UV	izinhlayiya ezihlanganiswe 50–100μm	isenzo sephansi 25–50μm
Ukukhupha kuka-impilo	Igcine 95% yomthelela wokwesekwa	Iciphisa ngama-15–20%
Ixabiso lokwakha	+18–22%	+8–12%
Ukungahloni kwegalazi	Akukho	Imithetho yokudluliswa

Kuholela ukubingelelwa okunikezwe ngomnyango kumsebenzi wokugcina okudinga imininingwane yokugcina, ngelixa amashiti agcinwe aqondene nemisebenzi eshiyekayo. Konke ke kuyavikela izinhlobo ze-ISO 4892-3 uma kusebenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Izivikelo zezimali ezihlaziywa kanye nezinhlobo zomthongo we-UV

Isebenzo sivikilwe ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-xenon-arc (ASTM D2565): Kuhlaziyisa izinkulungwane ezingu-10 zasimilo ngama-2,000 amahora
• Ukutholakala kwe-QUV (ASTM G154): Kuyahlukanisa i-UV ngecondensation
• Ukunazwa kwe-spectrophotometer : Kumeza umkhawulo wobunyamazane (ΔYI <2.0 emva kwezikhathi ezingu-5,000)

Imizekelo yomthongo ikhombisa ukuthi izithebe ezinemvumo ye-UV zilinda ubunzima bokuphendula kwezingu-89% emva kwezivimba ezingu-15 MW/m² ze-UV—lokhu kulingana nezingu-12 ngonyaka ePhoenix, Arizona.

Ukugcina kakhulu kwebhona kwenziwa kwizithebe ezithile zezingxenye zepolycarbonate ngokusetshenziswa kaphakade

Abaproduka abakhulu basebenzisa uhlelo lwesiphaqamiso sokuskena okulandelayo ukuze baskenje yonke imitha engu-1.2 yesayensi, ekukhathazeka kuzilinganiselwano zemvumo eziningi kune±3%. Lokhu kugcinelwa ngokuchazwa kwe-ASTM D1435 okuphinde kwenziwa ngokwesinyaka esine amahora, kuququzelelwa kwezimali ezihlaza, ezibomvu, nezingcono ukuze kutholiwe inqubela yokuthembeka yokungasebenzi kuka-25 ngonyaka.

Ubunzima nempilo kanye nokuphatha kakhulu kumasebenzi aphakeme

Okusebenziswayo kakhulu aphakeme: Ukufakwa kwegumbhu, izigumbhu, nokugcwala kwegumbhu ngezithebe ezithile zezingxenye zepolycarbonate

Izinkanyezi zezimali zasemaphandleni zidluliswa ngokuvamile ngepolycarbonate esebenza kahle kune-glass ejwayelekile ekupheleni kwempact. Uma sithi ngokuthile, kungaba ngu-250 amaxesha angcono. Kuma-canopies emabhedini, leli xabiso libaluleke futhi ngoba libizwa igrama elilodwa ngoselikhatshazwe, kodwa iglasi ibizwa ngamagrama angama-2.7 kuwo wonke iselikhatshazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinkanyezi zaziwa ukulayisha okuqukethwe kwezulu ngama-90%. Xa abasebenzi basekhanda bafuna ukunciphisa ukulayishwa kwezulu, baya kususa izixhobo ezinezikhala eziningi endaweni yezixhobo ezingenakho kulo mlando. Le ndawo ibiza ukulayishwa kwezulu ngama-60%, futhi ngalesikhathi ibe yisicelo esihle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo apho ukusebenzisa kwezulu kubaluleke.

Isibonelo: Ukusebenza kweglasi enekhoboko ye-UV ngeminyaka engu-10 emhlabathini yenhlangothi

Uvavanyo olwenyaka we-2023 ngoLwazi lweHamk lwasebenzisa izihlangothi ze-polycarbonate eziqinile ezithunyathelwe nge-UV eSingapure (umzane we-UV index 12). Izinqamleli ezi-co-extruded zazisebenza kakhulu ngokuthi zazikhuphela ukulahlekelwa kwesibonelo esingu-92% ngeminyaka engu-10, zilondolozo kakhulu kuzo ezizolwa izihlangothi ezi-laminated ezingeyona 8% yomhlaza. Luvavanyo lukhangelisa ukuthi ukubeka kwakhe kwebhola kugcwalisa ukuchithwa kwesilinganiso esingu-0.15% ngonyaka okubonakala kuzo izinqamleli ezingathunyathelwa.

Ukuxazulula ukumhlopheka, ukugcweba nokuphula kwezibonelo ngexesha

Izinto ezintsha zokugeza zibanjela ukumhlopheka kuze kube ngu-<2% ΔYI emva kwezikhathi ezingu-15,000 zokuvavanywa ngokushishayo (ISO 4892-2). Izindlela zokukhuphela ukugcweba ziqhubeka nokusebenza kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-85% yokulahlekelwa kwesibonelo esiboniswayo nakuba kukhona ukungena kwecondensation, zihlinzela ukuba kube ngu-70–80% PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwegreenhouse.

Izindlela ezilungileyo zokucula nokugcina ubunikwa be-UV

Sebenzisa izixhobo zokucula ezingenanto (6.5–7.5) ngeezikhombisi zomgqusho ukuze uvime kwehlulekileyo. Evalela ukusebenzisa iisolventi ezifana ne-acetone, eyayiza kususwa kwegcinezelo yentlango ngamnye 1.2 µm/yini. Ukuhlola ngaphambi kweziphumo kusiza ekubeni kutholakale imigubo embambalazane (<0.3 mm ende), eyiyinkimbinkimbi engu-73% yeziphumo ezingavimelwanga emazweni anentshalo (intshilo >3.5%).

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Yintoni eyenzela ukuba ipholikhabhonethi ibe entsha kunaglasi ekukhokezeni kwamava aseNtshonalanga?

Umbuthano wopholikhabhonethi uphatha amava athintayo aseNtshonalanga okanye aseNtshonalanga ngendlela efanelekileyo kunaglasi, ubambelela inkimbinkimbi engu-99% yokukhokeza kwamava aseNtshonalanga.

Iziphawu zeNtshonalanga zizakhupha kanjani ubude bebusika bephohlikhabhonethi?

Iziphawu zeNtshonalanga ziphila kumthwalo ngokukhokeza amava aseNtshonalanga, ukulungisa iifreeradikali, nokuncipha ukunyuka kwesithamo, zangaphandle kwebusika kusuka kwi-2–5 ku-10–15 iminyaka.

Ziziphi iicala phakathi kwezithuba ezivimba zeNtshonalanga ezihlanganiselwe kwaye eziqhakazile?

Amalayela atholakala ngokuxhumana ayahlanganisa ukuphepha kwe-UV ngaphakathi kwesithuthi, esinika ubukhulu obuhle nokukhathazeka okungcono. Amalayela amandululayo aphakanywa ngaphandle futhi ayisheza ngaphansi kodwa angadlululwa iminyaka engu-.

Kuthini izimiso zokucula ukuqina izithuthi zepolycarbonate?

Sebenzisa iziculumo ezine-pH ezingenanto nezibheshi ezinezityebi, ungasebenzisi izixhobo ezilahlekayo njenge-acetone, futhi yenza izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka ukubheka isimo sokudidi kusasa.