Ukubonakala kanye nokulayisha kwezulu kwezikhombisi zokufakwa kwemali

Isayensi ngasemva kwezindlela zokugcina kwezibhakabhaka

Ukudweba kwegunya nokuxhumana kwezindlela zolwandle

Izikhawula zokufakwa kwamaphaneli amadla ngokukhanya kakhulu kwalokhu kudingeka ukuthi zibe nezici zokugcina kwekhanya, okubaluleke kakhulu ngokuthi zinezici zokugcina okuchazwe yizici zazo ezinhloso. Lezi zikhawula zinezici ezinezici zokugcina okuphezulu, okuthuthukiswa ngezici ezinhloso ezichazwe yizici zokugcina. Izici zangaphakathi, njengokuthi kungaphakathi ikhakhulayi yesikhawula, zinemiselela ebalulekileyo kakhulu ekutheni ingasebenzi ngokugcina khanya. Le cici iyisigaba esibalulekile kakhulu ekusebenzweni njengezindawo zokufaka, lapho ikhanya elingelwa libeza ukusebenzela kwezindlela zokusebenza nezici zokujulisa. Ngokulingana nezici ezijwayelekile njengekhla, isikhawula sinemiphakathi eminingi njengezindlela ezincane nezici zokulula, kubalulekile ukuthi kube yilapho esikhundleni sokusebenza ngokwehlukanisa.

Ukucacile vs. Ikakhanya elingelwa: Izindlela ebalulekileyo zokufaka amaphaneli

Ukukhuluma fanye nokunqanqwa kwezibani kuzo izindlela ebalulekile xa kuhlinzwa imikhumbi ye-polycarbonate esebenziswa ekhathini. Ukuzwa kwezi zindlela kuyindlela ebalulekile ukuze kuhlelwe ukusebenza kwezimali, ngoba ukuchaneka kwe-polycarbonate okukhuluma noma kuzo izibani ezinamandla kuzohlukanisa ukulungiselela phakathi kwezibani ezikhulumayo nokunqanqwa kwezibani kubangela ukulungiselela kwezibani ezikhulumayo nokunqanqwa kwezibani kubangela ukuthuthwa kwezulu kanye nokunqanqwa kwezibani. Izindlela zokusebenza eziphambene nazo zokuthiwa ngokulinganiselwe zokusebenza kwezibani, njengokuthiwa ngokulinganiselwe kwezibani (LT) nokuthiwa ngokulinganiselwe kwezibani ezinamandla (DLR) zinikeza izindlela zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezibani; lezi zindlela zinamandla ekhulu kakhulu kwezindlela zokuthuthwa kwezulu kanye nokunqanqwa kwezibani. Ngaphezulu, imikhumbi ye-polycarbonate iyavumela ukusebenzisa kahle kwezindlela zokudizayina ngokuhleza ukubonakala kwebhanki ngaphandle kokuthile ukusebenza kwayo. Lezi zindlela ziyavumela i-polycarbonate ukuba yindlela ebalulekile ekudizayini ngokusebenza kwezimali.

Ngokuthandwa kwezinqogu zokubhala ngokudla, sikhokha ukulungile kanye nokulawulwa kwezibheke, sibonisa ukuthuthukwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukwa kwezimo zokuthuthukwa kwamanzi.

Imigomo Efanayo Ngokulungile kwezinqogu Zokubhala ngokudla

Ukugcinwa kwe-UV kanye Nezimo Ezidluleyo Zokulula

Ukugcinwa kwe-UV kwenza into enkulu yokuthi kuhlelwe ukuvumelana kwezikhawula zokudlulisela izinto eziphambene nezinhla. Lokhu kwenza ukubovela nokungabi lula, ngoba izikhawula ezingagcinwa singathola 20-30% yekhapa lokugcinwa kwezilumin yeziyakhona ngemva kwezingu-2 noma zintathu, ngokwesiqephu se-ASTM G154. Kodwa, izikhawula ezingagcinwa kwe-UV zenze isisulo ngokuthi zilungiselela lezi zinto. Izifundo sibonise ukuthi izikhawula eziphepha kwe-UV zenze ukuthi izikhawula zilindele ukuvumelana kakhulu ngaphezu kwezingu-10. Lezi zikhawula, ezifakwe kanye nezikhawula ezijwayelekile noma izikhawula ezingokwezimali, ziyasebenza ekuthi zenze ukubovela bese yilapha ukuvuleka nokusebenza kwezikhawula zokudlulisela izinto eziphambene nezinhla.

Izikhovha ephansi nezimpetho zazo kwekuvumelana

Izikhulumi evela ngokuphelela kakhulu kuhlukumeza ukucacile kanye nokugcina kwezibheshi zokunqanda kwezibheshi zokunqanda. Noma izikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda. Noma izikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda. Ngokomfaniso ka-ISO 4287, ukongeza kwezinhla yekhabinethi kusuka ku-0.1µm isibheke ku-0.5µm kungakhetha ukuncipha kwezibheshi zokunqanda nge-10-15%. Ukuvavanya intengamanje yamadoda kusetyenziswa izindlela zokuvava izinhla yekhabinethi. Iindlela zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi ezingaphansi zokugcina kakhulu kwezibheshi zokunqanda, zokulungisa izikhulumi, njengezikhulumi e......

Imicimbi yokubonwa kwezibheshi ezingelanga

Ukuthi kuchithwa kwezinkimba eziphathelene nezinhlanhla kanye nezindleke zokudla kungavumela ukugaywa kwezinkqubo eziphathelene nezindlela zokulula. Izinhlanhla ezikhulu, ngokudingelwa izinhlanhla ezingenaphuzi, zivumela ukugaywa kwesivinini esikhiphayo okuphazamisa ukulula kwezindlela zokulula ngama-5-10% emuva kokusebenzisa ngokuphindwe. Ngakho, kubaluleke ukusebenzisa izinhlanhla ezisemthethweni kwezinkqubo eziphathelene nezindlela zokulula. Abakhululekisa bapikisana nezinhlanhla ezinezinhlobo zokulula ngokuphelele kanye nezindlela zokulula ezinzothando kakhulu. Ukuthi kungavumele ukuthi kuchithwe kwezinhlanhla ezikhulu kungavumela ukuthi kuzothathe kwezindlela zokulula kodwa kungavumela ukuthi kuzothathe kwezindlela zokulula ngokuphazamisa ukuphazamisa isivinini.

Ukuthatha amanzi: Isithixo esikhululayo esiphathelene nokulula

Ukuthatha kwezulu kwi-polycarbonate kubangela ukugcwala, okungcolisa ukuphumelela kwezulu ngemva kwalangu. Imisebe yokugqibela iyahlula amapolymer, ngepolycarbonate ikhona ukuthatha kwezulu kwe-0.2-0.3%, kongeza ukugcwala ngokuphindwe kabili kwe-5% emakhaya apholile ngokwesicathami so-ISO 62. Ukuxazulula le nto kufanele kuthathe inqubomgomo yokulungisa njengeyokuhlolwa kahle kanye nokusebenzisa imisebenzi yokufaka okuyahlula ukuthatha kwezulu. Ukuphatha kahle kwezulu kuyindlela yokugcina ubunzima bokuphumelela kwezulu kwiindlela zokufaka eziphileni ngokude, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqinisekisa ukucacile kanye nokusebenza ngokuphelele emibaneni yemali.

Ukulungisa Ukulahlekiswa kwezulu Kwezinye Iindlela

Indlela yokufaka ephaya: Ukulandelana kwezulu kwe-PAR nokulahlekiswa

Ukulinganisa i-Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) kunye nesixhobo sefanelo kufuneka sibe yisikrini yegunya lokuphosela ukuze kugcwele ukunyuka kwezilwandle. Iinkawadi zamanzi eziphathwe ngokusebenzisa kakhulu ngokuba kuthatha i-PAR ngelixa kufanelela gqitha isixhobo ukuvimbela iindlela ezinkulu. Iindlela zokudityanisa ezifutshane njengezinto eziphathwe ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukulayisha kwezinkawadi ngokuchanekileyo kunceda ukufiftra ngaphandle kokuthilela iindlela eziphathwayo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho amagunya apho abasebenzisa inkawadi yamanzi eziphathwe ngokuchanekileyo aziphumile ngokuba kugcwele ukunyuka kwezilwandle kwaye zibe nezilwandle ezilungileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela eziphathwe ngokuchanekileyo. Lezi zinkawadi zicela ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ngokulinganayo, ukulinganisa ukuba zonke izilwandle zifumane isixhobo esifanelekileyo ukuphosela.

Imisebenzi Yezokudityanisa Iinkawadi Zamanzi Ezichanekileyo

Izikhawulwa zokudla ezikhulu zokudla kuzo ukuxhumana nokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe. Ngokwenza amathuluzi wokukhanya, lezi zikhawulwa zingakhiqiza iziphakamiso eziphakathi kwezindlela zokubona futhi zenhance ukudizayina kwamakhaya ngenkathi zilinda ububanzi bokuthulwa. Izicathami zokuxhumana ngokuvamile zibonisa iziphakamiso lapho izikhawulwa ezikhulu zingagcwalisa izindawo eziphambene kuze kube yilamaphakathi amakhulu, ziyavumela ukuthi zingagcwalisa futhi zingenzi inovesheni kuzo zokudizayina kwamakhaya. Xeba ukukhetha izikhawulwa ezikhulu kwezinye izindlela, kubaluleke ukucinga izinto ezifanayo nezingo zokukhanyisa futhi ukulinganisa izikhawulwa ukuze ukwazi ukufakwa kwezikhanywayo noma ukuvuleka kwezimali. Lezi zicingo ziyakuhlanganisa ukuthi izikhawulwa aziyakawenza ukubonakala kwamakhaya kakhulu kodwa futhi ziyakungeza kuzo ukudizayina okuphephile.

Izisolutions zokukhanya eziphakathi nezimboni ezivimbelwa kwe-UV

Kwemisebenzi ye-skyline, izinkozi ezingenaselwa kwe-UV zinesirola esibalweni ukuphelela nokuthula kwezicathami zokwengeza. Lezi zinkozi zinikeza ukuphela kwe-UV, zibambe ukuphelela kwezicathami futhi zingenisela ubude bokuphila. Izinsiza zokufaka khona ezitholwe yindlela evela ukuthi lezi ndawo zinezinhcofwo ezibalwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimali zokusebenza ngokuthi izinkozi zingilisa ukungcola komoya futhi zivikele kakhulu kwezibonakaliso. Idata yokusebenza ngamaqondo ahlonipha izinhcofwo ezingu-Reduced need for artificial lighting futhi izindleko zokushisa futhi zokuchaza kwezimali zibe lula. Ukwenyelisa izinkozi ezingenaselwa kwe-UV kuvumela abasebenzisa ne-ababhakabhaka ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso ezinhle futhi kuvikele ukuphelela nokuthula ngokudla, lokhu kwenza izicathami zokwengeza ezinesi noma njengazo ziyindlela evela ukwahlukene kwezindlela zokusebenza kwemisebenzi ye-skyline.

Izindlela Zokulungisa Ukuqala Kwesikhathi Eside

Izindlela Ezinhle Zokuhlula Izicathami Zokubhakwa Ezinzile

Ukugcina ukucindezela kwezikhawu zokubona kwezindawo eziyenzelwe ngokuphelele kuyindlela ebalulekileyo ukugcinisa ubude bazo nezindawo zazo. Ukucula ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziphumelelayo kungakhetha ubude bazo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izicelo ezingenakho ph ezingekhethiwe ngokwezifiso nezitshontsha zemikrofayibha ukuvikela ukugaywa kwezindawo. Lezi zinto zicinza ukuthi izikhawu zingakhayiwe kanye nezibonakalayo. Ngokwabakhankatha, vika ukusebenzisa izinkomba ezinezinhlayiya, ezingakhipha indawo, okungenzeka ukuba kunciphise ukuphumelela kwezibonakalayo. Abakhankatha bacesa ukucula ngokunye noma ngokuphela kwezinyanga ezilishumi, ngokwesimo semjelo, ukugcina izikhawu kahle. Lezi zindlela zokugcina zicinza ukucindezela kazo nezibonakalayo kanye nezibonakalayo ezijwayeleyo.

Izinkcoyamiso ezingasemaphetheni: Imiphumela emiselwe ngodatha

Izinkozi ezivikelayo kwe-UV ziqhuma indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni kwezikhawulisi zokugcinwa kwezikhawulisi zokugcinwa zokugcinwa zokugcinwa zokugcinwa zokugcinwa zokugcinwa. Lezi zinkozi zisebenza ngokuchemikhali ngokudala indawo yokuvikela okuyiyo UV, ngaleyo ndlela ukuvikela ukuphula kwezinhlanganisela kanye nokulula. Izindlela zekhombisa ukuthi izikhawulisi zokugcinwa nezinkozi eziyinkozi zivela ngaphezulu kwe-90% yekhomkhawulo embadini ngemva kwezingu-10 zokudlala ngadonse, ngokulinganisa nezikhawulisi ezingenazo inkosi engaba ingavumele ukuphela kwe-30% ngemva kwezinyaka ezimbalwa (ISO 4892-2). Izindlela zekhombisa ukuthi izikhawulisi ezinkoziwe ziyindlela ngokuhambisana nezindlela zokusebenzela, ukwenza kwekhona ukukhetha okuhle ukugcinwa kwezikhawulisi.

Noma kuthini Ukuhlukanisa Imikhawulisi Eziyinkulu

Ukubonakala kwehla lokuphinda kwamaphepha aphelele kungavikela ukwehla kwezindawo zokusebenza futhi kungasicela ukusebenza ngokuvumelelwe. Izindlela eziphawulwa kakhulu kuzo ukuphawula okubonakalayo, ukunciphisa kwezindlela zokulayisha izibonelo, nezikhulumi ezikhulu kuzo. Ukubalwa kwezimo, ungabala indiketha yokuphawula futhi ubale izindlela zokulayisha izibonelo, ukulandela izimiso zokudliso. Ngokwesibonelo, izimo zokuphinda kwezimo zilandelwa yizindlela zokubukeka futhi nezimo zokusetshenziswa, njengokuthi kuzo nezindawo zokugcina amathlambethu noma amaskhiyana. Ukugcinwa kwezimo eziphumelelayo, ukulandela izimo eziphawulwe kuzo kungasicela ukuthi amaphaneli aqale ukulayisha izibonelo futhi aqale ukulayisha ngokuvumelelwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini engqondweni ukuthi amaphaneli wamagciwane aphelele akhethekile kakhulu ekulayisheni izibonelo?

Ukukhulunywa kwezinhlobo zokulayisha izibonelo zomagciwane aphelele akhethekile kakhulu ekulayisheni izibonelo kungaba yisimo esikhundleni esikhethekile sapholyma, esikhokhisela ukulayisha kwezibonelo kakhulu futhi ukulayisha ngokuhambelana nezimo.

Imipho yesiluvu yokulawula i-UV iyasebenza kanjani ukulawula amaphaneli we-polycarbonate?

Iziluvu zokulawula i-UV ziyeke amaphaneli we-polycarbonate ngokuthatha i-radiation ye-UV, okuphazamisa ukuphoywa kwezinxelelo zokupolyma nekuphazamisa ukuyila, ukunikeza amaphaneli ukuba akhulume kakhulu kuye kuye 90% yokuphakamiswa okungenani ngeminyaka engu-10.

Yiziphi izinhloso zokuthi kungaphawuli intonjelwano yamaphaneli we-polycarbonate?

Izinhloso ezifaka isiphawuli kumntonjelwano yamaphaneli we-polycarbonate zilandelwa i-radiation ye-UV, amakhatcheso kwenqanawe, ukubonwa kwezililo, nokuthanda kwezibovu. Ukulandelwa lezi zinhloso ngeziluvu ezifanele nezindlela zokucula kungakunyelela ukuphakama kwamaphaneli.

Ukuthanda kwezibovu kungasebenza kanjani amaphaneli we-polycarbonate?

Ukuthanda kwezibovu kugcina ukungabiye kumaphaneli we-polycarbonate ngokuthi kuyintshukumisa izinxelelo zokupolyma. Lokhu kungaphaziwa ukuthunyelwa kwezindle kuye kuye, kepha izindlela zokulawula njenge-ventilation efanayo kungakunyelela ukulawula izibovu.