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Ukuziqonda Kukhuseleko Kwezulu Kwe-Polycarbonate Nokungamkelwa
I-Polycarbonate (PC) inikeza ukukhuseleka kwezulu ngokomthetho wakhe wemolekuli. Izingcingo ezinezindlu zezingxenye zomthetho wakhe zimamukela izinkuni zika-UV ezincane kune-320 nm, zibamukela kulinganiso kwezingu-99% zika-UVB nezingu-95% zika-UVA—kuyapha kakhulu kunazo zonke izinto ezingavavabikho ezingaphunyukwanga ngaphambi kokuba zibamukele izinkuni zika-UV.
Umthetho Wemolekuli Nokukhuseleka Okwenzakalelayo Kwe-UVA/UVB
Izingxenye zika-carbonate nezingxenye zika-benzene e-Polycarbonate zihlala njengamabhonzi amamukela izinkuni eziningiwe eziyisithombe zika-UV. Lokhu kumamukela kuhlala kusona sonke isihlwebo esingezansi esibalulekile:
- Ukubhoka kwe-UVB konke (280–315 nm)
- Ukuthatha kwe-UVA okuncane (315–400 nm)
Noma izixhobo eziphezulu ezilula kakhulu zine-1 mm zinikeza ukuphela okukhulu, kepha i-PC iqale ngokuba yindlela efanelekileyo ekusebenzisweni okunempilo kwe-UV ngaphandle kwezinzuzo.
Kungani Ipolikarbonate Engaqoshwa Iphepha: Indima Yophawuza kwamava
Xa izulu zilahlekelwa yi-polycarbonate engaphathwayi, kulaqala indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi photooxidation. Okuqondileyo kulandela kumahluko wemolekuli kuyisidingo. I-enerji kusuka kuzulu kuhlukanisa izixhobo zokuchazwa kwimiboniso, ukudala lezi zinto ezingavumelekile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-free radicals. Lezi radical zihlangana nesikili kusuka kumoya ozungezayo. Isiphumo? Ingcineleka yezinto eziphazanyayo ezilandelayo. Okokuqala kukhona chain scission apho imiboniso enkulu emanzini ihluka-hluka. Emva koko kukhona isimo sokuluhlaza njengoko izixhobo ezintsha zihlangana namaye. Kwanjalo, umugqa uphazanyeka ngamakhanda amancane ahluke-hluke. Emva kokuphila kuphela okwesinye nezimbili ngaphansi kwezulu, i-PC engaphathiwe ingasala inikeze kabini yesithupha seyona intonga yokunqoba ngelikhala elibomvu esiyaziyo kangako. Ngakho ke abasebenzisi kufuneka bachinge ngokufaka ukuphatha uma izinto zabo ziya kudala phandle.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukuvikelwa Kwe-UV: Izembozo Namasu Okukhiqiza
Ukuqhathaniswa Kokukhishwa Kwengxenye, Izembozo Zomhlaba, Nokuhlanganiswa Kwe-UV-Stabilizer
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-UV kwe-polycarbonate, ngayinye enezinzuzo nemikhawulo ehlukile:
- Co-extrusion isebenzisa ungqimba oluhlala njalo oluvimba i-UVngokuvamile i-acrylic noma i-fluoropolymerngesikhathi sokuxosha. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe ivimbela u-99% wemisebe ye-UV ngenkathi igcina ukucaca kwe-optical futhi ilungele ingilazi yezakhiwo edinga iminyaka eminingi yokuqina. Nokho, kudinga imishini ekhethekile, okwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngo-15-25%.
- Izimvume Zezandla , njengama-silicone hardcoats, asetshenziswa ngemuva kokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokufafaza noma zokucwilisa. Zinikeza ukuguquguquka kwejometri eyinkimbinkimbi nezindleko zokuqala eziphansi kodwa ziwohloka ngokushesha ngenxa yokuqhekeka noma isimo sezulu ngokuvamile kudinga ukufakwa kabusha kungakapheli iminyaka engu-57 ezindaweni ezinelanga elikhulu.
- Ukuxuba i-UV-stabilizer kufaka izindawo ezifana ne-HALS (Izistabilizela Zomoya Zolwandle Zomoya) ngqo kumlunge wokuphakama. Kuyakha uhlelo oluphathelene ngokuphelele kumasekeli amakhulu—okufanele kumakilasi okuphakanywa okuphakanywa yomshini—nakuba izilinganiso ezintathithelwe 3% kungakhuphela ubunzima bokugcoba noma kuthathe isinyalo esincane.
Ukugcwalisa kuyaphila kumasekeli ohlinzekile kumhla wonke; iziphiwo zihlanganisa izindleko nezibopho; kanye nokuthinta okuphathelene kakhulu kumakilasi akhokhelwe kakhulu, amakhazimuli. Indlela ngayinye iyakha ubude bokuphila kwezindleko ngamashumi ayishumi nayishiyagalombili kulinganisela nezincane ezingavulwanga ngokulahleka kwezibane.
Ukuchaza Inhloso Ye-UV: Izindlela Nezinhlobo Zomlando
Izidingo Zokuchaza Umhlaba: Ukuchaza Kwezinyanga Ezingu-UV
Izivivinyo zokukhathala ezibanjeni izinto zingcwalisa iminyaka engu-10 yokwehlisa kanye ngezulu ngeminyaka engu-2 kuphela. Lezizivivinyo zidlala khona emakhambini amnandi lapho i-lampu ze-UV zihlakalaka umsindlela njengenhloso yasekhanda, ngokuphathelana kwebhubesi ukuze kudaleke ukulinganiselwa kwesimo sezulu esikhulekile. Kunezinhlobo zezimali ezijulile njenge-ASTM G154 ne-ISO 4892-3 ezahlisa kani-kani ukuthi kutholakale kanjani i-UV kanye nezilingo zebhubesi kusuku lokuzivivina. Ngokomfanekiso, ivivino elijulile le-1,000 ihora lithola ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-2 kuze kube ngu-5 yesivivino esempilweni, nakuba le yadinga ngokusheshayo kungani isimo sezulu esikwakheni. Lokhu kuvivinyo kukunika abayeni ububele ngaphambi kokuthi izimboni zihambe ezinkampani ngoba zizothanda ukukhathala kwe-UV phakathi komnyaka.
Izinkinga Ezibalulekile Zokusebenza: Uguquko Lomdubu (ΔE), Ukuphila Kwesibindi, Nokugcina Kwegama Eliphindaphindwayo
Izinkinga ezintathu ezihlela ukuchithwa kwe-UV:
- δE (Delta E) : Ihlela uguquko lwemdubu ngendlela yokuqonda umsindo; izilingo eziphezulu kunesi-2.0 zihlaziyela ukuthi kubonakala ukuthi kunyamalala.
- Ukugcina kwebhodhi : Ilinyusela ukuphazamiseka kwegloss yesayithi; ipolikhabhonethi ephezulu enesivimbo se-UV isilinda >85% gloss emva kokubuthwa okulinganayo nge-5 izinyanga.
- Ukugcina ubunzima bokutshisa : Kukhethekile ekugcineni ubume bwesithunzi; izikhali zomthando zidinga ukugcina >70% ubunzima emva kotest.
Lezi zikhala ngalokho ziqinisekisa na izixwayiso zokulahlela kwe-UV zifihlana nezigaba zokudurablela kumasebenzi olwandle.
Izintelo zePolycarbonate ephathelwe ngu-UV kumasebenzi olwandle
Ubude bezinsuku, Ukungahlongwa, nokusebenza kwemigqa, imigodo, namashushu
Ipolikhabhonethi enenqubo yokuvikelwa kwe-UV iphila ngokude kumzimba njengoba isebenzisa ukuvikela okuphazanyiswayo, okungukuthi kubangela ukuthi izinto zonke ziphazanye phansi ngexesha. iTeknoloji ya kuleli xesha ikhathalogeza izigaba ezijongene nezibalo eziphucayo ezivikela ngaphezu kuka-99% yamava apheleleyo avela ku-UV ukuba awuthintele. Izahlulo zibonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zingakhaqambela ubunzima bazo ngeminyaka engu-10 uze kube ngu-15 noma kunjalo kumzimba ongcono. Okubalulekile kangaka kuzo zonke iziseko kukuthi lokhu kuvikela kuvikela ukugcwala kwembala. Emva kokuba kusuke phandle ngonyaka wonke, izinguquko zombala zilinda phantsi kuka-3 esikhalini sa-Delta E, ngakho ke umongo ulingana nomongo omusha futhi unobuhle, okubalulekile kakhulu emisebenzini lapho ukubona kubaluleke.
Ubunzima bomongo—buningi ngaphezu kuka-200 komthwali—busebenzisana nenqubo yokuvikela kwe-UV ukuze kube lula emisebenzini ebalulekile:
- Ukugcwalisa : Amaphaneli ebhodla namacala angaphansi asimamelela ukudluliswa kwelanga ngaphandle kokuthakatha noma ukugcwala kwamava
- Ukufakwa kwamacebo : Izithuthi zihlaba izilwandle nezinkinga zokuchithwa kwezulu ngaphandle kwe-infrared heat
- Ukushumayela : Izithombe zihlaba ukuchithwa ngokungena kwegazi ngokudla
Ngokukhupha ukugwa kanye nokushibhedzela, i-polycarbonate enesimilo se-UV isusa izindleko zokufaka kabusha ngamathuba angama-40% kunazo ezinye izinkcazelo ezingavunyelwanga—kanti isisombululo esinembala ngaphandle kwezindleko kumabhinga abathandabuzayo ukudurable.
Isikhombisi Sokuqala
Kungani i-polycarbonate inquma ngokuzenzakalela ukuthatha i-UV?
I-polycarbonate inquma i-UV ngokuthi yisakhiwo se-molecular, ikakhulukazi i-aromatic rings esenzela ukuthatha i-UV ngezansi kwe-320 nm.
Yini eyenzela ukuthi i-polycarbonate engaqashelwa iphazanyiswe?
I-polycarbonate engaqashelwa iphazanyiswa ngokuthi kuqashelwe i-photooxidation, lapho i-UV eqashelwe iyahlula i-chemical bonds kusukela ekushibhedzeleni, ukugwa, nokuphazanyiswa kwe-tensile strength.
Yini i-co-extrusion kanye nokuthi kungani kuhlela ukuphelela kwe-UV?
I-co-extrusion iqhubeleka ekufakeni i-UV-blocking layer ngemva kwe-extrusion, kanti kuhlelele ukuphelela kwe-UV ngokuthi kugcine ubunzima obufanelekile kumasebenzi aphakade kumabhinga.
Kufungelwa kanjani umbiko wokuthutha kwesimo sezulu?
Imibiko yokuthutha kusimo sezulu isebenzisa lamphu ze-UV namandla okumeka uhamu ukulunga izinsuku eziningi zokubuka kwesilimela eminyakeni, ekusinikisela ukuthi izinto zingasebenzi ngaphandle kokuchithwa kwe-UV.
Yiziphi izinkundla zokusebenzisa ipholikakhbonithe enekhobho le-UV?
Ipholikakhbonithe enekhobho le-UV ingcono, iphila kakhulu, iphepha ukubuyekeka kwamahlanu, futhi ibe yinkinga epholile, lokhu kususa izindleko zokubuyisela futhi kunciphise amaphrojekthi entsha.